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Science and AAAS are working tirelessly to provide credible, evidence-based information on the latest scientific research and policy, with extensive free coverage of the pandemic. During and Ahlberg, a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, question whether they exist. [1]:p.8193 The original paper describes the river in technical detail:[1]:Fig.1 and p.9181-8193. Many theories exist about why the dinosaurs disappeared from the Earth. These include many rare and unique finds, which allow unprecedented examination of the direct effects of the impact on plants and animals alive at the time of the large impact some 3,000km (1,900mi) distant. One of these is whether dinosaurs were already declining at the time of the event due to ongoing volcanic climate change. [17] This would resolve conflicting evidence that huge water movements had occurred in the Hell Creek region near Tanis much less than an hour after impact, although the first megatsunamis from the impact zone could not have arrived at the site for almost a full day. After trying to discuss the matter with editors at Scientific Reports for nearly a year, During recently decided to make her suspicions public. During, whose paper was accepted by Nature shortly afterward and published in February, suspects that DePalma, eager to claim credit for the finding, wanted to scoop herand made up the data to stake his claim. By 2013, he was still studying the site, which he named "Tanis" after the ancient Egyptian city of the same name,[5] and had told only three close colleagues about it. Melanie During, a paleontologist at Uppsala University in Sweden, submitted a paper for publication in the journal Nature in June 2021. In December 2021, DePalma and his colleagues published an important paper . The seiche waves exposed and covered the site twice, as millions of tiny microtektite droplets and debris from the impact were arriving on ballistic trajectories from their source in what is now the Yucatn Peninsula. In my view, it was an intentional omission which leads me to question the credibility of data. Steve Brusatte, a paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh, says, There is a simple way for the DePalma team to address these concerns, and that is to publish the raw data output from their stable isotope analyses.. [13], The formation contains a series of fresh and brackish-water clays, mudstones, and sandstones deposited during the Maastrichtian and Danian (respectively, the end of the Cretaceous and the beginning of the Paleogene periods) by fluvial activity in fluctuating river channels and deltas and very occasional peaty swamp deposits along the low-lying eastern continental margin fronting the late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway. These fossils were delivered for research to the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. There was a fossil everywhere I turned., After she returned to Amsterdam, During asked DePalma to send her the samples she had dug up, mostly sturgeon fossils. . And, if they are not forthcoming, there are numerous precedents for the retraction of scholarly articles on that basis alone.. Until a few years ago, some researchers had suspected the last dinosaurs vanished thousands of years before the catastrophe. Both papers made their conclusions based on analysis of fish remains at the Tanis fossil site in North Dakota. Robert DePalma made headlines again in 2021 with the discovery of a leg from a Thescelosaurus dinosaur at Tanis, reported The Washington Post. From the size of the deposits beneath the flood debris, the Tanis River was a "deep and large" river with a point bar that was towards the larger size found in Hell's Creek, suggesting a river tens or hundreds of meters wide. Using the same formula, the Chicxulub earthquakes may have released up to 1412 times as much energy as the Chile event. The paper, in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), does not include all the scientific claims mentioned in The New Yorker story, including that numerous dinosaurs as well as fish were buried at the site. In the early 1980s, the discovery of a clay layer rich in iridium, an element found in meteorites, at the very end of the rock record of the Cretaceous at sites around the world led researchers to link an asteroid to the End Cretaceous mass extinction. She and her supervisor, UU paleontologist Per Ahlberg, have shared their concerns with Science, and on 3 December, During posted a statement on the journal feedback website PubPeer claiming, we are compelled to ask whether the data [in the DePalma et al. Every summer, for the past eight years, paleontologist Robert de Palma and a caravan of colleagues drive 2,257 miles from Boca Raton to the sleepy North Dakota town of Bowman. Tanis is part of the heavily studied Hell Creek Formation, a group of rocks spanning four states in North America renowned for many significant fossil discoveries from the Upper Cretaceous and lower Paleocene. A A. Paleontologist Robert DePalma has done it again. At his suggestion, she wrote a formal letter to Scientific Reports. Three papers were published in 2021. The deposit itself is about 1.3m thick, sharply overlaying the point bar, in a drape-like manner. The end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact triggered Earth's last mass-extinction, extinguishing ~ 75% of species diversity and facilitating a global ecological shift to mammal-dominated biomes. A field assistant, Rudy Pascucci, left, and the paleontologist Robert DePalma, right, at DePalma's dig site. Subscribe to News from Science for full access to breaking news and analysis on research and science policy. December 10, 2021 Source: . DePalma quickly began to suspect that he had stumbled upon a monumentally important and unique site not just "near" the K-Pg boundary, but a unique killing field that precisely captured the first minutes and hours after impact, when the K-Pg boundary was created, along with an unprecedented fossil record of creatures and plants that died on that day, as well as material directly from the impact itself, in circumstances that allowed exceptional preservation. The Dakotaraptor fossil, next to a paleontologist for scale. But relatively little fossil evidence is available from times nearer the crucial event, a difficulty known as the "Three metre problem". That "disconnect" bothers Steve Brusatte, a paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh. Disbelievers of this supposition, though, point to the lack of fossils in the KT layer as proof that this thesis is false more fossils are discovered some 10 feet underneath the layer. ", Since Tanis became an excavation site, several other fossils were found, including a pterosaur embryo. UW News staff. A Triceratops or other ceratopsian ilium (hip bone) was found at the high water mark, in circumstances hinting that the dinosaur might speculatively have been a floating carcass and possibly alive at or just before impact,[5] but the paper describing such remains was still in progress as of 2019[6] the initial papers only include a photograph and its location within Tanis. AAAS is a partner of HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef and COUNTER. But During, a Ph.D. candidate at Uppsala University (UU), received a shock of her own in December 2021, while her paper was still under review. [8] Following suspicions of manipulating data, a complained was lodged against DePalma with the University of Manchester. Robert DePalma reveals the Tanis site discoveries he couldn't talk about in Part One. Instead, the layers had never fully solidified, the fossils at the site were fragile, and everything appeared to have been laid down in a single large flood. They seem to have left the raw data out of the manuscript deliberately, he says. Most of central North America had recently been a large shallow seaway, called the Western Interior Seaway (also known as the North American Sea or the Western Interior Sea), and parts were still submerged. The plotted line graphs and figures in DePalmas paper contain numerous irregularities, During and Ahlberg claimincluding missing and duplicated data points and nonsensical error barssuggesting they were manually constructed, rather than produced by data analysis software. This whole site is the KT boundary We have the whole KT event preserved in these sediments. Page numbers in this section refer to those papers. "I hope this is all legit I'm just not 100% convinced yet," said Thomas Tobin, a geologist at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. In the BBC documentary, Robert DePalma, a relative of film director Brian De Palma, can be seen sporting an Indiana Jones-style fedora and tan shirt. [5] The fish were not bottom feeders. The 112-mile Chicxulub crater, located on the Yucatn Peninsula, contains the same mineral iridium as the KT layer, and it's often cited as further proof that a giant asteroid was responsible for killing dinosaurs (perBoredom Therapy). DePalma's team argues that as seismic waves from the distant impact reached Tanis minutes later, the shaking generated 10-meter waves that surged from the sea up the river valley, dumping sediment and both marine and freshwater organisms there. "Outcrops like [this] are the reasons many of us are drawn to geology," says David Kring, a geologist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas, who wasn't a member of the research team. And mass spectrometry revealed the paddlefishs fin bones had elevated levels of carbon-13, an isotope that is more abundant in modern paddlefishand presumably their closely related ancient relativesduring spring, when they eat more zooplankton rich in carbon-13. [18], DePalma began excavating systematically in 2012[1]:11 and quickly found the site to contain very unusual and promising features. They presumably formed from droplets of molten rock launched into the atmosphere at the impact site, which cooled and solidified as they plummeted back to Earth. Han vxte upp i Boca Raton i Florida. According to the Science article, During suspects that DePalma, eager to claim credit for the finding, wanted to scoop herand made up the data to stake his claim.. In June 2021, paleontologist Melanie During submitted a . Paleontologist Robert DePalma, postgraduate researcher at University of Manchester UK and adjunct professor for the Florida Atlantic University Geosciences Department, gave a guest talk at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, on April 6. Tanis is a site of paleontological interest in southwestern North Dakota, United States. Another question about dinosaurs is what caused their extinction and there are many theories about that, too. The co-authors included Walter Alvarez and Jan Smit, both renowned experts on the K-Pg impact and extinction. Robert DePalma is a paleontologist who holds the lease to the Tanis site and controls access to it.. I dont believe that Curtis himself went to another lab, he was ill for many years, Sacasa says. Trapped in the debris is a jumbled mess of fossils, including freshwater sturgeon that apparently choked to death on glassy particles raining out of the sky from the fireball lofted by the impact. [1]:pg.11 Key findings were presented in two conference papers in October 2017. (Courtesy of Robert DePalma) You and your team have made some extraordinary finds, including an exquisitely preserved leg of a dinosaur that you believed died on the very day of the asteroid impact. Th May 9, 2022 at 7:00 a.m. EDT. Comes with twelve different courses comprised of a huge number of lessons, and each one will help you learn more about Python itself, and can be accessed when you want and as often as you want forever, making it ideal for learning a new skill. As a part of the settlement, the Sacklers will have immunity against any and all future civil litigation. Although they stopped short of saying the irregularities clearly point to fraud, mostbut not allsaid they are so concerning that DePalmas team must come up with the raw data behind its analyses if team members want to clear themselves. . They did a few years of digging, uncovering beautiful, fragile sh . When I saw [microtektites in their own impact craters], I knew this wasnt just any flood deposit. Top left, a shocked mineral from Tanis. Melanie During suspects Robert DePalma wanted to claim credit for identifying the dinosaur-killing asteroid's season of impact and fabricated data in order to be able to publish a paper . The iridium-enriched CretaceousPaleogene boundary, which separates the Cretaceous from the Cenozoic, is distinctly visible as a discontinuous thin marker above and occasionally within the formation. Robert DePalma Frederich Cichocki Manuel Dierick Robert Feeney: JPS.C.10.0001: Volume 1, 2007 "How to Make a Fossil: Part 2 - Dinosaur Mummies and Other Soft Tissue" . Robert DePalma is a paleontologist who holds the lease to the Tanis site and controls access to it. Sir David Attenborough is to examine the mystery of the dinosaurs' last days in a BBC1/PBS/France Tlvisions feature film that will unearth a dig site hidden in the hills of North Dakota. Bde hans far och hans farfars bror var kirurger i Florida. The site was systematically excavated by Robert DePalma over several years beginning in 2012, working in near total secrecy. DePalma's dinosaur study, published in Scientific Reports in December 2021, . "It saddens me that folks are so quick to knock a study," he says. Robert DePalma, a curator at the Palm Beach Museum of Natural History, found some rare fossils close to Bowman, North Dakota, in 2013 that led to a hypothesis of his own.
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